Working Capital Alternatives Compared

12 funding solutions for growing businesses, side-by-side, with the trade-offs that actually decide which one is right for you.

Quick answer: growing companies that can't get a bank line have twelve real alternatives. They split along three axes — speed (days vs. weeks vs. months), cost (Prime + 2% on the cheap end, ~4% per month on the expensive end), and collateral (some products want AR, some want inventory, some want nothing). Serve Funding has placed $50MM+ across 100+ clients since 2021 by matching each business to the right combination across our 30+ lender network. The right answer is almost never one product — it's two or three layered together.

Last reviewed: May 2026 · Founder: Michael Kodinsky · 12 solutions compared

The 12 alternatives at a glance

Every row is a real option. Read the table for the shape, then jump down to the section that fits your situation — each one explains when to pick it over the others.

#SolutionSpeedCostRangeCollateral
1Working Capital Loans (Revenue-Based)2–10 business days1.25%–4% per month (18–48% APR equivalent)$100K – $10M+None — revenue-based
2Invoice Factoring (AR Financing)2–3 week setup, then 24–48 hours per invoicePrime + 1–6% + 0.25–1% per invoice$250K – $100MMUnpaid B2B invoices (no other collateral needed)
3Asset-Based Lending (ABL)4–8 weeksPrime + 1–5%$250K – $25MAR + inventory + equipment + sometimes real estate
4Equipment Leasing & Financing5–15 business daysPrime + 3–10%$100K – $50MM+The equipment being financed (plus sometimes a PG)
5Inventory Financing3–6 weeksPrime + 6–12%$500K – $20MInventory (up to 85% of liquidation value)
6Purchase Order Funding2–4 weeks approval, 5–10 days per draw1.5%–3% per 30 days$250K – $50MThe purchase order itself + supplier invoices
7Government Contract Financing10–20 business daysPrime + 2–8%$250K – $50MM+The government contract itself + AR against it
8Real Estate Lending (Bridge & Cash-Out)2–6 weeksPrime + 2–7%$500K – $100MM+The commercial property (or personal real estate for some products)
9Subordinated & Unsecured Credit1–3 weeksPrime + 4–8%$50K – $20MM+None on unsecured products; 2nd lien on subordinated debt
10Bridge Funding3–7 business daysPrime + 4–8% (interest-only typical)$50K – $5MM+Varies — often unsecured for short terms
11SBA Loans4–12 weeksPrime + 2–3%$250K – $5MM+Varies by program (7a, 504, Express)
12Consolidation & Recapitalization10–20 business daysDepends on the product you refinance into$250K – $10MM+Whatever the new product requires

How to pick: the three questions that actually decide it

1. How fast do you need it? If the answer is days, the list collapses to four: working capital loans, bridge funding, invoice factoring (after a 2–3 week setup), and emergency payroll structures inside our debt-refinance toolkit. Every other option needs weeks to close, which means they're not really available to a business with a payroll deadline.

2. What collateral can you offer? If you have unpaid B2B invoices, factoring is almost always the cheapest fast option. If you have hard assets (inventory, equipment, real estate) plus AR, an asset-based line consolidates everything into one facility. If you have nothing pledgeable but strong revenue, working capital and unsecured products are still real options — they just cost more.

3. How long is the need? A 60-day timing gap before a contract closes is a bridge loan. A permanent shift in your working-capital baseline is an ABL line or an SBA loan. Mismatching the term to the need is how growing businesses end up rolling expensive bridge debt for two years.

Everything below is the same twelve options described in detail, with the trade-offs spelled out against the other eleven.

Option 1 of 12

Working Capital Loans (Revenue-Based)

The fastest, most flexible option — and the closest competitor to an MCA, but at half the cost.

Speed
2–10 business days
Cost
1.25%–4% per month (18–48% APR equivalent)
Range
$100K – $10M+
Collateral
None — revenue-based

Working capital loans (also called revenue-based financing) underwrite to your bank deposits, not your tax return — which is exactly why they fund in days when a bank would take weeks. The trade-off is cost: at 1.25–4% per month they sit between a bank line and a merchant cash advance, but their fixed monthly payment is structurally safer than the daily-pull MCA structure that destroys cash flow. For most growing companies whose bank just said no, this is the first product we shop, and the one our debt-refinance work usually rolls borrowers into.

Pick this if

  • You need cash in days, not weeks
  • Your bank line is maxed but revenue is growing
  • You want a fixed monthly payment, not daily extractions
  • Your tax return doesn't reflect current revenue trajectory

Skip this if

  • You have strong AR or hard assets — asset-based lending or factoring will cost 5–10 points less
  • You can wait 4–8 weeks for an SBA loan

Real outcome: Borrowers refinancing out of MCA into working capital loans typically cut monthly debt service by 30–50% while preserving the speed that made them choose the MCA in the first place.

Closest alternatives: Consolidation & Recapitalization, Bridge Funding, Asset-Based Lending (ABL).

Option 2 of 12

Invoice Factoring (AR Financing)

The cheapest fast option when your customers are creditworthy and your tax return isn't.

Speed
2–3 week setup, then 24–48 hours per invoice
Cost
Prime + 1–6% + 0.25–1% per invoice
Range
$250K – $100MM
Collateral
Unpaid B2B invoices (no other collateral needed)

Invoice factoring is the answer to the same problem as a working capital loan — slow customer payments choking growth — but priced like a bank product because the lender is underwriting your customers' credit, not yours. You get 75–95% of an invoice's value within 24–48 hours of issuance and the balance (minus fees) when the customer pays. It's self-liquidating, scales automatically with sales, and is one of the only products that works when your business is growing fast but your tax return shows a loss.

Pick this if

  • You sell B2B with net-30 to net-90 terms
  • Your customers have strong credit even if you don't
  • Your sales are growing faster than your bank line
  • Your tax return doesn't reflect current reality

Skip this if

  • You sell B2C or take card payments — there are no invoices to factor
  • Your AR concentration is one customer (factors discount heavily)

Real outcome: One healthcare-supply manufacturer started at $1MM at Prime + 2% (single-digit blended) and scaled the facility to $1.5MM within two months as sales grew — no re-underwriting required.

Closest alternatives: Working Capital Loans (Revenue-Based), Asset-Based Lending (ABL), Inventory Financing.

Option 3 of 12

Asset-Based Lending (ABL)

The bank-line replacement when you've outgrown a traditional credit box but still have hard collateral.

Speed
4–8 weeks
Cost
Prime + 1–5%
Range
$250K – $25M
Collateral
AR + inventory + equipment + sometimes real estate

ABL is a revolving credit line backed by everything liquid on your balance sheet: receivables, inventory, equipment, sometimes real estate. Compared to invoice factoring it gives you more borrowing power per dollar of assets (you're not capped at AR) and reads more like a bank line on your balance sheet. Compared to a working capital loan it costs less but takes longer to close — so we shop ABL when speed is in weeks rather than days and the borrower has multiple asset types to lend against.

Pick this if

  • You have $250K+ in AR plus inventory and/or equipment
  • You want a single revolving facility, not multiple products
  • You can wait 4–8 weeks for a cheaper rate than working capital
  • You're consolidating multiple expensive debts

Skip this if

  • You need cash this week
  • Your only collateral is AR (factoring will be simpler and faster)

Real outcome: Most ABL banks won't look below $3–5MM. We facilitate facilities from $250K because we shop the deal across 30+ lenders with different size minimums.

Closest alternatives: Invoice Factoring (AR Financing), Working Capital Loans (Revenue-Based), Inventory Financing.

Option 4 of 12

Equipment Leasing & Financing

The right answer when the capital need is the equipment itself — not general working capital.

Speed
5–15 business days
Cost
Prime + 3–10%
Range
$100K – $50MM+
Collateral
The equipment being financed (plus sometimes a PG)

When the capital you need is tied to a specific asset purchase — a machine, a truck, a server rack — financing the asset directly is almost always cheaper than drawing on a general working-capital line. Terms run 3–7 years, advance rates are 70–85% of liquidation value, and sale-leaseback structures let you extract equity from equipment you already own. This is where ABL borrowers go when the new collateral isn't AR or inventory but a piece of hardware.

Pick this if

  • You're buying a specific, identifiable asset
  • You want to preserve your bank line for working capital
  • You already own equipment and want to extract equity (sale-leaseback)
  • You want to match payment term to useful life of the asset

Skip this if

  • You need general operating cash — use working capital or ABL

Real outcome: Sale-leaseback against owned equipment routinely unlocks 50–70% of liquidation value in capital without adding a new debt covenant.

Closest alternatives: Asset-Based Lending (ABL), SBA Loans.

Option 5 of 12

Inventory Financing

The bridge between an asset-based line and a purchase-order loan when stock is the bottleneck.

Speed
3–6 weeks
Cost
Prime + 6–12%
Range
$500K – $20M
Collateral
Inventory (up to 85% of liquidation value)

If your growth is constrained by inventory you can't afford to hold — a holiday build for e-commerce, raw materials for a contracted production run — inventory financing advances against the stock itself. It costs more than an ABL line because inventory is harder to liquidate than AR, but it works for B2C and direct-to-consumer companies that factoring won't touch.

Pick this if

  • Your business is e-commerce or retail with inventory turns
  • You can't qualify for factoring (no B2B invoices)
  • You need to scale stock ahead of a known demand spike

Skip this if

  • You have unpaid B2B invoices (factoring is cheaper)
  • The need is for upstream supplier payment — see PO funding

Real outcome: Most lenders cap inventory advances at 85% of liquidation value, which is why we layer it with a PO facility for international importers managing tariff cycles.

Closest alternatives: Asset-Based Lending (ABL), Purchase Order Funding.

Option 6 of 12

Purchase Order Funding

The one product that pays your suppliers before your customer pays you.

Speed
2–4 weeks approval, 5–10 days per draw
Cost
1.5%–3% per 30 days
Range
$250K – $50M
Collateral
The purchase order itself + supplier invoices

PO funding is the answer when the cash shortage sits between you and your supplier — a customer has placed an order, but you need to pay an overseas factory before the customer pays you. It funds 70–100% of the PO value, supports international suppliers, and combines naturally with invoice factoring (PO funds production, factoring funds the wait after delivery).

Pick this if

  • You have a confirmed customer PO you can't fulfill from cash on hand
  • Your supplier is overseas and demands payment up front
  • You're managing tariff cycles with bulk orders

Skip this if

  • The need is to hold inventory speculatively (no committed PO yet) — use inventory financing

Real outcome: A specialty coffee importer capped at $150K by their existing lender closed a $1MM PO facility in two weeks — enough to pay overseas suppliers and capitalize on a corporate-roaster demand surge.

Closest alternatives: Inventory Financing, Invoice Factoring (AR Financing).

Option 7 of 12

Government Contract Financing

Industry-specific AR financing for the 30–90+ day payment cycle every government client runs.

Speed
10–20 business days
Cost
Prime + 2–8%
Range
$250K – $50MM+
Collateral
The government contract itself + AR against it

Government clients (federal, state, local) routinely pay net-60, net-90, or quarterly. That timing gap kills growing contractors and subcontractors who fronted the materials and payroll. Government contract financing advances up to 90% of contract value against your award, structured around quirks unique to the sector (retainage, prime/sub payment flow, GSA terms). It's a specialized cousin of invoice factoring with underwriting that understands the contract structure.

Pick this if

  • You hold federal (GSA, DoD), state, or local government contracts
  • You're a subcontractor waiting on a prime contractor's payment
  • You need to fund payroll and materials before the government pays

Skip this if

  • Your customer is commercial — standard invoice factoring is cheaper

Real outcome: A federal GSA contractor closed $500K in 20 business days when payroll was due before the government payment cycle completed.

Closest alternatives: Invoice Factoring (AR Financing), Asset-Based Lending (ABL).

Option 8 of 12

Real Estate Lending (Bridge & Cash-Out)

Long-term capital priced like long-term capital — for property purchases or to extract equity for working capital.

Speed
2–6 weeks
Cost
Prime + 2–7%
Range
$500K – $100MM+
Collateral
The commercial property (or personal real estate for some products)

When the business need is property — buying, refinancing, or cashing out equity for working capital — real estate lending is the right structure. Bridge loans (12–36 months, interest-only) cover acquisition timing gaps; permanent loans (25–30 year amortization) replace them once the deal closes. Cash-out refinances are how owner-operators turn dead equity into deployable capital for the operating business.

Pick this if

  • You're buying or refinancing commercial property
  • You have equity in commercial or personal real estate to extract
  • You need a long-amortization payment to match a long-term need

Skip this if

  • You need cash this week (bridge funding is faster)
  • You don't own real estate (this isn't the product)

Real outcome: A surgeon used a $550K second mortgage on personal real estate as the third layer of a $1.79MM capital stack that funded both year-end operations and a hospital-system acquisition.

Closest alternatives: Subordinated & Unsecured Credit, SBA Loans, Asset-Based Lending (ABL).

Option 9 of 12

Subordinated & Unsecured Credit

Stretch capital that sits on top of every other layer — no collateral, no UCC on some products, fast close.

Speed
1–3 weeks
Cost
Prime + 4–8%
Range
$50K – $20MM+
Collateral
None on unsecured products; 2nd lien on subordinated debt

Unsecured and subordinated credit fills the gap when you've already pledged everything that can be pledged but still need more runway. Unsecured term loans (no UCC, no collateral) work for growing companies with strong revenue but thin asset bases. Subordinated debt sits behind a senior lender at 1–5× EBITDA and is how layered-capital strategies actually get built — you stack it on top of an AR revolver and a real-estate lien to maximize total deployable capital.

Pick this if

  • You've maxed bank and ABL but still have growth opportunities
  • You don't want another UCC filing on your business
  • You're structuring a layered capital stack for an acquisition or expansion

Skip this if

  • You have unused asset collateral — secured products will cost less

Real outcome: A medical device company combined a $1MM AR revolver, a $240K unsecured term loan, and a $550K second mortgage into a $1.79MM stack that funded 30%+ growth in ten months.

Closest alternatives: Bridge Funding, Working Capital Loans (Revenue-Based), Real Estate Lending (Bridge & Cash-Out).

Option 10 of 12

Bridge Funding

Pure timing capital — interest-only, exits when the larger deal closes.

Speed
3–7 business days
Cost
Prime + 4–8% (interest-only typical)
Range
$50K – $5MM+
Collateral
Varies — often unsecured for short terms

Bridge funding is the right product when you know the exit: a contract is about to close, an acquisition is about to fund, a property is about to sell. Interest-only payments preserve cash while you wait, and an aggressive early-payoff discount means you only pay for the days you actually use the money. It's expensive per month but cheap in absolute terms because you're only in the loan for 30–180 days.

Pick this if

  • You can identify the specific event that will pay off the loan
  • You need cash before that event in days, not weeks
  • Interest-only payments matter more than absolute rate

Skip this if

  • You don't have a clear payoff event — bridge debt becomes permanent debt at painful rates

Real outcome: A surgeon closed $1.475MM in M&A bridge capital in weeks to cover year-end operations while a hospital-system acquisition finalized — then refinanced into permanent capital at closing.

Closest alternatives: Subordinated & Unsecured Credit, Working Capital Loans (Revenue-Based).

Option 11 of 12

SBA Loans

The cheapest capital available — if you can wait 4–12 weeks and your business fits the SBA box.

Speed
4–12 weeks
Cost
Prime + 2–3%
Range
$250K – $5MM+
Collateral
Varies by program (7a, 504, Express)

SBA loans are the cheapest capital most growing businesses will ever access — government-backed guarantees let banks lend at Prime + 2–3% over up to 10 years. The cost is time and paperwork: 4–12 weeks of underwriting, full tax returns, full personal financials, and a credit box that excludes a lot of fast-growing companies. When the timeline allows it and the business qualifies, SBA is almost always the right first stop.

Pick this if

  • You can wait 4–12 weeks for closing
  • You have 2+ years of clean financials and decent credit
  • You want the longest amortization possible

Skip this if

  • You need cash in days
  • Your tax return shows a loss or your credit is mid-500s

Real outcome: SBA pricing sits 5–10 percentage points below working capital loans — making it the right destination after you refinance out of expensive bridge debt.

Closest alternatives: Working Capital Loans (Revenue-Based), Asset-Based Lending (ABL), Real Estate Lending (Bridge & Cash-Out).

Option 12 of 12

Consolidation & Recapitalization

Not really a product — it's the strategy that uses the products above to replace expensive debt with cheaper debt.

Speed
10–20 business days
Cost
Depends on the product you refinance into
Range
$250K – $10MM+
Collateral
Whatever the new product requires

Debt refinance is what you do *with* the other eleven products on this page. Most often it means taking a borrower trapped in daily-pull MCA debt and consolidating into a single monthly working-capital loan or an ABL line, freeing up 30–50% of cash flow and dropping the all-in rate by 5–10 percentage points. The "product" being shopped is whichever of the above eleven the borrower's assets, revenue, and timeline qualify them for.

Pick this if

  • You have stacked MCAs eating daily cash flow
  • You have multiple loans with different payments
  • Your current debt was priced for a worse version of your business

Skip this if

  • You're not paying above market — there's nothing to refinance

Real outcome: A staffing agency paying $15K/month in MCA fees refinanced into an $8K/month term loan, freeing $7K monthly for growth.

Closest alternatives: Working Capital Loans (Revenue-Based), Asset-Based Lending (ABL), Invoice Factoring (AR Financing).

Comparison FAQ

Which funding solution is the fastest?

Working capital loans and revenue-based financing are the fastest, with approval in 1-3 business days and funding in 2-10 days. Bridge funding and invoice factoring (once approved) can also move quickly—factoring releases cash within 24-48 hours per invoice. Asset-based lending and SBA loans take longer (4-8 weeks) but offer lower rates.

What if my bank declined me?

When banks say no, we say how. Bank declines are actually our most common starting point—bankers are our primary referral source. Alternative lenders evaluate businesses differently: invoice factoring looks at your customers' credit (not yours), asset-based lending focuses on collateral value, and working capital loans weigh revenue trajectory. We have 30+ lender relationships to find the right fit.

Can I combine multiple funding types?

Yes—this is called "layered capital" and it's one of our specialties. Example: $1MM AR revolver + $240K unsecured term loan + $550K second mortgage = $1.79MM total capital. Each layer serves a different purpose and sits at a different position in the capital stack. This approach maximizes available funds without over-leveraging any single source.

How much can I qualify for?

Qualification depends on your assets, revenue, and the funding type. Working capital loans range from $100K-$10M+ based on revenue. Invoice factoring provides 75-95% of your AR value ($250K-$100MM). Asset-based lending offers $250K-$25M against receivables, inventory, and equipment. We typically find the right structure within your first consultation.

What documents do I need to apply?

Most solutions require 3-6 months of bank statements, a recent accounts receivable aging report, and basic business financials (P&L, balance sheet). Some products like invoice factoring focus primarily on your AR and customer creditworthiness rather than tax returns. Working capital loans may only need bank statements and a simple application. We'll tell you exactly what's needed in our first call.

How long does approval take?

Timeline varies by product: working capital loans approve in 1-3 business days, invoice factoring in 2-3 weeks (then 24-48 hours per invoice), asset-based lending in 4-8 weeks, and SBA loans in 4-12 weeks. Bridge funding and emergency payroll can close in as few as 3-5 business days when time is critical.

Which funding solution has the lowest cost?

SBA loans offer the lowest rates (Prime + 2-3%) but take the longest to close. Invoice factoring (Prime + 1-6%) and asset-based lending (Prime + 1-5%) are next, offering competitive rates with faster timelines. Working capital loans (1.25-4% monthly) cost more but close in days. The cheapest option depends on your timeline, collateral, and business profile—we help you find the best balance of cost and speed.

Do I need collateral to get business funding?

Not always. Working capital loans and unsecured bridge capital don't require traditional collateral—they're approved based on revenue and growth trajectory. Invoice factoring uses your unpaid invoices as collateral. Asset-based lending requires hard assets (AR, inventory, equipment). Real estate lending requires property. We match you to the right product based on what you have available.

Not sure which one fits your business?

A 20-minute call with Michael narrows it to one or two — and we shop the deal across our 30+ lender network if it makes sense.